Which document outlines the fundamental rights of Americans?

The Constitution is the foundational document that outlines the fundamental rights of Americans. It establishes the framework for the government and enumerates specific rights in the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first ten amendments. These amendments guarantee essential freedoms such as speech, religion, assembly, and the right to a fair trial, among others.

In contrast, the Federalist Papers are a series of essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution and explain its principles but do not directly enumerate rights. The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution for the United States but lacked provisions for individual rights and was ultimately replaced. The Magna Carta, while an important historical document that influenced the development of constitutional law, pertains to the rights of English subjects and does not specifically outline American rights. Therefore, the Constitution is clearly the document that provides the most direct and comprehensive articulation of the fundamental rights of Americans.