What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?

The correct answer is checks and balances, which is a fundamental principle in the U.S. government designed to ensure that no one branch becomes too powerful. This system allows each branch—executive, legislative, and judicial—to monitor and limit the actions of the others. For example, while Congress can create laws, the President has the power to veto those laws, and the judiciary can review laws to ensure they adhere to the Constitution. This interdependence creates a balance of power, preventing any single branch from dominating the governmental system.

The concept of separation of powers is closely related but serves a different purpose. It outlines the distinct functions of each branch, ensuring that they operate independently but does not inherently provide the mechanisms through which power can be checked. Popular vote pertains to democratic processes that involve electing representatives but does not address inter-branch power dynamics. Judicial review allows the courts to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions but is just one part of the broader checks and balances system.