What principle describes the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches?

The principle that describes the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches is Separation of Powers. This fundamental concept is rooted in the idea that government should not concentrate power in a single entity but rather distribute it among different branches to prevent the abuse of power. In the United States, this division typically includes the legislative branch, which makes laws; the executive branch, which enforces laws; and the judicial branch, which interprets laws.

By establishing separate branches, the framework ensures that each branch operates independently, allowing for a system of governance that promotes accountability and transparency. This separation not only delineates responsibilities but also facilitates a system of checks and balances, where each branch can monitor and limit the powers of the others, safeguarding democracy and protecting individual rights.