What is the supreme law of the land?

The Constitution is recognized as the supreme law of the land because it serves as the foundational legal document for the United States. It outlines the framework of government, establishes the separation of powers, and delineates the rights of citizens. The supremacy clause, found in Article VI of the Constitution, explicitly asserts that the Constitution, along with federal laws made pursuant to it, takes precedence over any conflicting state laws. This means that no law or action by state governments can supersede the provisions set forth in the Constitution, ensuring a uniform legal structure across the nation.

In contrast, the Declaration of Independence is a historical document that declared the thirteen American colonies' intention to separate from British rule, and while it is a significant symbol of American freedom and principles, it does not function as a governing document. Similarly, the Bill of Rights, while essential for protecting individual liberties and addressing the concerns of anti-Federalists regarding government overreach, is an amendment to the Constitution rather than a standalone document that serves as the supreme law. The Articles of Confederation, which preceded the Constitution, created a loose confederation of states and proved inadequate for governing the nation, ultimately leading to the need for the more robust framework provided by the Constitution.