What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two separate chambers. These chambers are the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each part plays a unique role in the legislative process, with the Senate representing states equally regardless of population, as each state has two senators. In contrast, the House of Representatives is based on population, with larger states having more representatives. This structure is designed to allow for both equal representation and representation based on the population, ensuring a balance in legislative power.

The other choices reflect incorrect understandings of the components of the U.S. government. For instance, the Federal Court and the President are not parts of Congress; instead, they are separate branches of government. The Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch rather than the legislative branch. This distinction is crucial in understanding the separation of powers established in the Constitution, which delineates the roles of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches distinctly.